如何设置静态路由与网关？使内外网同时访问

[db:作者]

portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">前几天，弱电君发布防火墙与交换机如何对接上网portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">的内容，有一些朋友反映，想了解下portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">网关与portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">静态路由的设置，以及如何设置内外网同时访问，那么今天我们来来彻底了解这两个内容，这个也是弱电项目中经常容易遇到的。
portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(200, 54, 71);">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一、什么是网关？
portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">只要是网络，就会有网关，无论是你做不做网络项目，都会接触网关，要配置好静态路由，首先就要理解网关。
1、什么是网关
portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">网关又称网间连接器、协议转换器。portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">网关在传输层上以实现portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">网络互连，是最复杂的网络互连设备，仅用于两个高层协议不同的网络互连。
inkMacSystemFont, ">
inkMacSystemFont, ">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 34px; font-size: 15px; widows: 1; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2、如何理解网关
portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">听上面的概念，你肯定还是有些不理解，
portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">我们都知道，从一个房间走到另一个房间，必然要经过portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一道门。portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">同样，从一个网络向另一个网络发送信息，也必须经过一道“关口”，这道关口就是网关。
inkMacSystemFont, ">
inkMacSystemFont, ">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(217, 33, 66);">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 34px; font-size: 15px; widows: 1;">还不理解？portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 34px; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); font-size: 15px; widows: 1;">
portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">想要把你女朋友娶回家，就得过portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">丈母娘这关，丈母娘需要做基本的条件筛查，通过了就能进一步发展，丈母娘就是网关。
inkMacSystemFont, ">
inkMacSystemFont, ">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">顾名思义，网关就是一个网络连接到另一个网络的portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 34px; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); font-size: 15px; widows: 1;">“portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">关口”。
portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
inkMacSystemFont, ">

portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 34px; font-size: 15px; widows: 1; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3、网关的ip地址是什么？portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 34px; font-size: 15px; widows: 1; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
inkMacSystemFont, ">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 34px; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); font-size: 15px; widows: 1;">那么网关到底是什么呢？
inkMacSystemFont, ">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">网关实质上是一个网络通向其他网络的IP地址，网关在网段内的可用portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 34px; font-size: 15px; widows: 1; color: rgb(217, 33, 66);">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">ip中选一个portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 34px; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); font-size: 15px; widows: 1;">，portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">不过，一般用的是portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 34px; font-size: 15px; widows: 1; color: rgb(217, 33, 66);">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">第1个和最后一个portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 34px; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); font-size: 15px; widows: 1;">。
portant;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">例如
inkMacSystemFont, ">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 34px; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); font-size: 14px;">比如有网络A和网络B。
portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(217, 33, 66);">网络A：
portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">IP地址范围为192.168.1.1~192.168.1.254，
inkMacSystemFont, ">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 34px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">子网掩255.255.255.0；
inkMacSystemFont, ">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 34px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">如果需要与其它网段通信，那么它的网关可以设置为192.168.1.1，当然也可以设置为portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">网段内其它的一个ip地址。
inkMacSystemFont, ">
portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(217, 33, 66);">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">网络B：
portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">IP地址范围为192.168.2.1~192.168.2.254，
inkMacSystemFont, ">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 34px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">子网掩码255.255.255.0。
inkMacSystemFont, ">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-indent: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">如果需要与其它网段通信，那么它的网关可以设置为192.168.2.1，当然也可以设置为portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">网段内其它的一个ip地址。
inkMacSystemFont, ">    portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px;">   


portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-size: 15px; widows: 1; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4、网关如何实现通信？

inkMacSystemFont, ">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在没有portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">路由器的情况下，不同的两个网络之间是不能进行TCP/IP通信的，即使是两个网络连接在同一台交换机上，TCP/IP协议也会根据子网掩码(255.255.255.0)判定两个网络中的主机处在不同的网络里。portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">而要实现这两个网络之间的通信，则必须portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">通过网关。
inkMacSystemFont, ">
inkMacSystemFont, ">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如果portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">网络A中的主机发现数据包的目的主机不在本地网络中，就把数据包转发给它自己的网关，再由网关转发给网络B的网关，网络B的网关再转发给网络B的某个主机。portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">网络B向网络A转发数据包的过程。
inkMacSystemFont, ">
inkMacSystemFont, ">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">所以说，只有设置好网关的IP地址，TCP/IP协议才能实现不同网络之间的相互通信。
inkMacSystemFont, ">
inkMacSystemFont, ">

portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(200, 54, 71);">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">二、设置静态路由，实现内外网同时访问
portant;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 34px; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1、什么是静态路由？portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一种路由的方式，路由项由手动配置，而非动态决定。portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">与动态路由不同，静态路由是固定的，不会改变，即使网络状况已经改变或是重新被组态。portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一般来说，静态路由是由网络管理员portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">逐项加入路由表，说白了，就是需要portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">手动添加的，手动添加有什么好处呢？portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">就是稳定可靠。
portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 34px; font-size: 15px; widows: 1; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2、静态路由的作用？portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">路由有什么作用呢？portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">路由就是找路、选路的作用，那么如何选路？portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">就要查表了，portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">实现这个作用的就是路由查询自己的路由表，路由表的学习就要用到静态或者动态路由。portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">路由表的构成就是网络地址、子网掩码、下一跳地址（网关）。inkMacSystemFont, ">
portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(84, 84, 84);">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3、如何设置静态路由portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">最直接的方式，是在路由器中设置静态路由，这里面我们可以通过一个案例来了解。
portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(217, 33, 66); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 34px; font-size: 15px; widows: 1;">案例：portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(217, 33, 66); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 34px; font-size: 15px; widows: 1;">在路由器中设置静态路由：实现外网内网同时访问portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 34px; widows: 1;">inkMacSystemFont, ">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在一个公司网络中，不仅可以通过无线portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">路由器B连接外网，还可以通过portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">无线路由器A来连接公司内网服务器。portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在不修改本地连接的IP地址及网关情况下，公司电脑需要能够同时访问外网和内网服务器。portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">配置实例如下图：
inkMacSystemFont, ">

inkMacSystemFont, ">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在无线路由器中的详细配置过程如下portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); font-size: 15px; text-indent: 34px; widows: 1;">：
inkMacSystemFont, ">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(217, 33, 66);">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 34px; font-size: 15px; widows: 1;">步骤1：
inkMacSystemFont, ">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">进入内网的portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">路由器B管理界面，点击“路由功能”菜单，选择“静态路由表”，如下图：
inkMacSystemFont, ">

inkMacSystemFont, ">
inkMacSystemFont, ">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(217, 33, 66);">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 34px; font-size: 15px; widows: 1;">步骤2：
inkMacSystemFont, ">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">点击“添加新条目”按钮，在静态路由表中填写相应的参数。
inkMacSystemFont, ">
inkMacSystemFont, ">

inkMacSystemFont, ">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(217, 33, 66);">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 34px; font-size: 15px; widows: 1;">步骤3：
inkMacSystemFont, ">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">点击“保存”按钮后，在静态路由表中可以查看已有配置。
inkMacSystemFont, ">

inkMacSystemFont, ">
inkMacSystemFont, ">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(217, 33, 66);">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 34px; font-size: 15px; widows: 1;">步骤4：
inkMacSystemFont, ">portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在PC上访问内网服务器，检测静态路由条目是否生效。portant; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如果能访问，则说明静态路由配置成功。